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There are many variants in HIV and they invade human delivery florida online pharmacy phentermine system in several/ different phases. The chief form, HIV 1, initially prefers macrophages, a type of delivery florida online pharmacy phentermine cells. It binds through a molecule know as GP120 (a viral surface glyco protein) to the protein molecule CD4 on the macrophage surface. This interaction alters the GP120 conformation to reveal a binding site for CCR5, a key surface protein. This triggers conformational changes in the GP41 (another viral glyco protein) to mediate fusion of viral and host cell membranes. Once bound, it enters cells to reproduce. Subsequent strains produced have GP120 molecules capable of recognising one more surface protein called CXCR4 on T cells, another type of delivery florida online pharmacy phentermine cells along with macrophages. Later strains of the virus may preferentially infect T cells and destroy them. This leads to the collapse of the delivery florida online pharmacy phentermine system of the body which is nothing but the onset of AIDS. Another form, HIV 2, can recognise CXCR4 directly and this can quickly lead to AIDS. Hampered delivery florida online pharmacy phentermine system leaves the body defenseless and susceptible for the attack by all other disease causing microbes and cancer. In order to prevent HIV from taking over, antibodies (defense protein molecules in the body) must recognise and neutralise viral particles. Viral surface glyco protein, a composite of three copies each of GP120 and GP41, is the only target available for antibodies. The remarkable diversity, rearrangements, glycosylation and conformational flexibility of this surface protein allows virus to elude body’s defense mechanisms. Additionally, HIV 1 mutates at an incredibly fast rate leaving scientists frustrated in the attempt of finding a vaccine. Despite this sneakiness, virus must retain minimum identity of its surface glyco protein to mediate CD4 and CCR5 binding, should it need to enter the cell. Scientists have recently identified such a conserved region in the GP120 and shown the crystal structure of B12, a neutralising antibody. Unlike most other parts of the protein, which change constantly, the newly discovered protein site appears to be stable and vulnerable to attack, scientists wrote in one of the issues of this years Nature, a science journal. There is something special about HIV infection that relates to CCR5, the protein molecule found on the surface of our own delivery florida online pharmacy phentermine cells. CCR5 (chemokine C C motif receptor 5) and many other related cytokine receptors such as CXCR4 are basically involved in the signaling process. Researches learnt that cytokines (small signaling proteins and peptides which bind to CCR5) suppress HIV infection, indicating the involvement of CCR5 in the infection process. Also, it was found that some people who have only one normal copy of CCR5 gene are tolerant to HIV as the infection is achieved using over 1000 times more virus than ordinarily required! Those who altogether lack normal copies of CCR5, but have a mutated version (CCR5 delta 32) are just delivery florida online pharmacy phentermine to HIV. How lucky are they! No one is sure why or when such a mutation was selected. Although it was hypothesised that CCR5 mutation was the result of a recent plague epidemic, a latest study found the occurrence of mutated CCR5 in Bronze Age skeletal remains from many burial sites in Europe. Why do we need CCR5 at all when a mutated version has no significant effect on normal functioning? CXCR4, on the other hand, is found to be more critical as mice with cells engineered to be CXCR4 deficient died during gestation! CCR5 and related proteins appear to have profound implications for the future treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. For example, if stem cells with defective CCR5 gene could be successfully transplanted into HIV infected individuals, they would produce delivery florida online pharmacy phentermine cells that would be naturally delivery florida online pharmacy phentermine to HIV 1 infection! “Creating an HIV vaccine is one of the great scientific challenges of our time,” puts Dr Elias Zerhouni, director of the National Institute of Health. Can we conquer these killer molecules in any way? We shall live with hope! RSP Rao ... delivery florida online pharmacy phentermine